Zirconia Crucibles (ZrO2) offer three advantages over their
alumina crucible counterparts: they are more refractory, having a melting point
some 500oC above alumina. They are readily machined and give a high quality
surface finish and are a useful oxygen anion conductor for use in sensors and
fuel cells. However, they are considerably more expensive than alumina.
Zirconium dioxide has the complication of being metastable
and needs to be stabilised before it can be put to use. The addition of small
quantities of stabilising oxides such as CaO, MgO and best of all Y2O3 allow the
high temperature cubic phase to stabilise itself. Partially stabilised zirconia
can also be used as a toughening agent in alumina.
Zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) shows a considerable
improvement in strength and more importantly toughness. As a result, these
ceramics can be used in areas of extreme mechanical abrasion and thermal shock.
Fully stabilised zirconia (FSZ) produces a high-density
ceramic on sintering. The grain size is relatively large at 10-40m m and the
ceramics are often translucent in appearance. Recent optimisation of zirconia
powders have resulted in a readily sinterable high purity product.
Salient Features:
High temperature range
Very High Mechanical Strength
Excellent wear and abrasion resistance
High Impact Resistance and Toughness
Usable for many cycles at a high life time
Very Low Thermal Conductivity
Highly resistant to most acids
Suitable for precious metals and alloys (except palladium)
Inert material
Wide range of geometries and dimensions possible
Other Information about Zirconia
Zirconia is not suitable for use in inductive heating and has a low thermal shock
resistance. Slow heating and slow cooling is advisable. Slow ramp rate and cooling rate
are highly recommended to minimize the thermal shock on crucibles. When increasing the
temperature, special attention should be paid on two sensitive temperature periods: not
exceeding 3°C/MIN during 100°C —300°C and 1050°C -1200°C. The rate can be faster in
other temperature ranges, but it is recommended to be less than 5°C /MIN.
To take the crucible directly out of furnace at high temperature may cause crack. if
possible, take it out when the temperature is under 100°C.
Zirconia crucibles should not be heated by torch or furnaces that cannot control
temperature change rate. The uneven heating can cause crack.
Zerconia Applications
Zirconium Oxide Crucibles deliver cleaner melts at temperatures up to 1900°C and beyond.
They are engineered for the melting of superalloys and precious metals and deliver
heat-up and cool-down schedules that keep your foundry productive. They are widely used
in:
Chemical calcining
Metal casting
Metal melting, especially in superalloy and precious metals industries
Thermal analysis crucibles
Typical zirconia labware include:
Crucible
Boat
Tray
Tube
Rod
Mortar & Pestle
Jar
Balls
Custom Zirconia
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Please note that the information set forth herein is offered for comparison only, and is
not to be construed as absolute engineering data or constituting a warranty or
representation for which we assume legal responsibility.
Composition
Oxide
Percentage
ZrO2
95.3
MgO
2.2
SiO2
1.2
Al2O3
0.7
CaO
0.2
Fe2O3
0.2
TiO2
0.2
PROPERTY
TEST
UNITS
S-YTZ
Colour
Pure White
Density
ASTM-C20
g/cc
6.02
Average Crystal Size
THIN-SECTION
Microns
1
Water Absorption
ASTM-373
%
0
Gas Permeability
0
Flexural Strength (20°C)
ASTM-F417
MPa (psi x 103)
1240 (180)
Elastic Modulus (20°C)
ASTM-C848
GPa (psi x 103)
310 (30)
Poission’s Ratio (20°C)
ASTM-C848
0.23
Compressive Strength (20°C)
ASTM-C773
MPa (psi x 103)
2500 (363)
Hardness
KNOOP 1000 gm
ROCKWELL 45 N
GPa (kg x mm2)
R45 N
12.7 (130)
81
Tensile Strength (25°C)
ACMA TEST #4
MPa (psi x 103)
550 (79)
Fracture Toughness KIC
NOTCHED BEAM
MPa m½
13
Thermal Conductivity (20°C)
ASTM-C408
W/mK
2.2
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
(25-1000°C)
ASTM-C372
1X10-6/°C
10.3
Specific 100°C
ASTM-E1269
J/Kg K
400
Thermal Shock Resistance TC
°C
350
Dielelectric Strength
ASTM-D116
Ac-kV/mm (ac V/mil)
9 (228)
Dielctric Constant (1 MHz)
ASTM-D150
29
Dielectric Loss (1 MHz)
ASTM-D150
0.001
Volume Resistivity 25°C 500°C
1000°C
ASTM-D1829
Ohm-cm
>1013
2.0 X 104
< 103
DATA MEASUREMENTS – All data measurements are typical and made at room temperature
unless otherwise noted.
THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE – Tests are run by quenching samples into water from various
elevated temperatures. Zirconia crucibles are sensitive to thermal shock. Try to warm up
the furnace chamber slowly. So that the crucibles can be evenly heated to reduce the
impact of thermal shock.
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE – Although all zirconia ceramics are highly resistant to chemical
attack, it is recommended that specific applications are discussed with us to ensure
optimum ceramic selection.
Note:- The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be
all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is
based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard
to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties
of the product. Venture Scientific® shall not be held liable for any damage resulting
from handling or from contact with the above product.